Материал: Economics and Management in the Modern World. Федоров В.А., Нехаева О.Г
по-английски называется click-and-mortar. В нашем случае, это также помогло нам решить «проблему последней мили» – физической доставки товара интернет-покупателям: мы просто доставляем товар из местных магазинов.
UNIT 19. EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS IN US HEALTH CARE
INDUSTRY
Task 1. Match the following English words and phrases with their Russian equivalents:
1) tuition reimbursement |
a) лечебница |
2) to handle emergencies |
b) отпуск по болезни |
3) health insurance |
c) оплачиваемое обучение |
4) sick leave |
d) медицинская страховка |
5) residential care facilities |
e) муниципальные районы |
6) metropolitan areas |
f) компенсация платы за обучение |
7) nursing |
g) пожилое население |
8) elderly population |
h) неконтролируемые работники |
9) nonsupervisory workers |
i) рост занятости |
10) employment growth |
j) рабочий, занятый неполный |
|
рабочий день |
11) part-time workers |
k) справляться с чрезвычайными |
|
ситуациями |
12) paid training |
l) система помощи на дому |
|
старым и больным людям |
Task 2. Read the text to find the answers to the following questions.
1.Which jobs are growing more quickly according to economic advisers?
2.How many jobs did US healthcare provide in 2008?
3.How many will it generate between 2008 and 2018?
4.Why are average earnings in hospitals often higher than in other segments?
5.Do wages in individual healthcare occupations vary? If yes, how?
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6.What else can affect earnings in healthcare?
7.What standard benefits do healthcare employees receive?
EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS IN US HEALTH CARE
INDUSTRY
The White House's economic advisers say jobs providing health care and helping the environment are growing more quickly than the rest of the economy.
As one of the largest industries in 2008, healthcare provided 14.3 million jobs for wage and salary workers. About 40 percent were in hospitals; another 21 percent were in nursing and residential care facilities; and 16 percent were in offices of physicians. Healthcare jobs are found throughout the country, but they are concentrated in metropolitan areas.
Healthcare will generate 3.2 million new wage and salary jobs between 2008 and 2018, more than any other industry, largely in response to rapid growth in the elderly population. Ten of the twenty fastest growing occupations are related to healthcare. Many job openings should arise in all healthcare employment settings as a result of employment growth and the need to replace workers who retire or leave their jobs for other reasons.
Industry earnings. Average earnings of nonsupervisory workers in most healthcare segments are higher than the average for all private industry, with hospital workers earning considerably more than the average and those employed in nursing and residential care facilities and home healthcare services earning less. Average earnings often are higher in hospitals because the percentage of jobs requiring higher levels of education and training is greater than in other segments. Those segments of the industry with lower earnings employ large numbers of part-time service workers.
As in most industries, professionals and managers working in healthcare typically earn more than other workers in the industry. Wages in individual healthcare occupations vary as widely as the duties, level of education and training, and amount of responsibility required by the occupation. Some establishments offer tuition reimbursement, paid training, child day care services, and flexible work hours. Healthcare establish-
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ments that must be staffed around the clock to care for patients and handle emergencies often pay premiums for overtime and weekend work, holidays, late shifts, and time spent on call.
Earnings vary not only by type of establishment and occupation, but also by size; salaries tend to be higher in larger hospitals and group practices. Geographic location also can affect earnings.
Healthcare workers generally receive standard benefits, such as health insurance, paid vacation and sick leave, and pension plans. However, benefits can vary greatly by occupation and by employer.
Task 3. Read the following sentences. Which ones are true and which ones are false?
1.Healthcare jobs are found mostly in metropolitan areas.
2.A lot of healthcare jobs arise in response to quick growth in the young population.
3In most healthcare segments average earnings are higher than they are for all private industry.
4.Wages in individual healthcare occupations depend on duties, level of education and training, and amount of responsibility.
5.Healthcare establishments don’t pay for overtime and weekend work.
6.Earnings can be affected by geographic location.
7.Healthcare workers as a rule don’t get health insurance.
Now write correct versions of the false sentences.
Task 4. Find in the text synonyms and antonyms for the following words. The words are given in the same order as in the text.
|
SYNONYMS |
|
ANTONYMS |
- |
answer (n) |
- |
slow( adj) |
- |
demand (v) |
- |
public (adj) |
- |
trade (n) |
- |
unemployment (n) |
- |
usually (adv) |
- |
come (v) |
- |
influence (v) |
- |
common( adj) |
- |
advantages (n) |
- |
rigid (adj) |
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- |
personnel (n) |
- |
fall (n) |
- |
increase (n) |
- |
sick (adj) |
Task 5. Match the following words from the text with their definitions from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English:
1) to concentrate |
a) money earned |
2) to generate |
b) to give work to, usually for payment |
3) to replace |
c) to bring or come together at one point |
4) to retire |
d) to become different |
5) earnings |
e) payment made or received (usually weekly) for |
|
work or service |
6) to employ |
f) that which is established, e. g. a large organized |
|
body of people (e. g. the army or navy; a civil |
|
service; a business firm, with many employees) |
7) to vary |
g) to give up one’s work, position, business etc. |
8) wage |
h) (usually monthly) payment for regular employ- |
|
ment on a yearly basis |
9) salary |
i) to take the place of |
10) establishment |
j) to produce |
Task 6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form Future Simple (active or passive).Then make these sentences negative or interrogative. See Appendix 1 and 4.
1.Health care … (provide) 3.2 million new wage and salary jobs between 2008 and 2018.
2.If MSWs don’t get pay rise next week, I think they … (take) legal action against the government.
3.Medical equipment … (deliver) next Tuesday.
4.The staff has done really well this year so they … (get) great bonuses.
5.I suppose due to economic situation health insurance … (increase).
6.Tuition reimbursement … (pay) after the training course.
Task 7. Translate the following text from newspapers into English using the dictionary:
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1.Акционеры в гневе из-за того, что, несмотря на плохие результаты, исполнительный директор Blighty Airlines Мистер Роб Херринг уходит из компании с 3 миллионами в кармане. Они говорят, что глупо «награждать» плохое выполнение работы таким выходным пособием.
2.Директор компании Megafone, крупнейшей в мире компании мобильных телефонов, вчера проголосовал за то, чтобы дать Мистеру Крису Лэдиману, исполнительному директору компании, особую выплату в 10 миллионов за переговоры по вступлению во владение компании Minneman. Директор отнес это к компенсационному пакету.
3.Вчера акционеры компании National Energy атаковали директоров компаний за слишком большие выплаты. В прошлом году прибыль упала на 30%, но директорам было выплачено на 30% больше.« Они должны были получить на 30% меньше», – сказал один из акционеров. «Эти люди просто «жирные коты».
UNIT 20. THE COST OF HEALTHCARE CONTINUES TO RISE UPWARD
Task 1. Match the following English words and phrases with their Russian equivalents:
1) to estimate the cost of in- |
a) использование все более |
tensive medical treatment |
дорогих биомедицинских |
|
технологий |
2) economic implication of the |
b) подсчитать стоимость |
development |
интенсивного лечения |
3) use of increasingly |
c) экономическое значение |
expensive biomedical technol- |
развития |
ogies |
|
4) enormous political and eco- |
d) глобальная экономика |
nomic pressure |
здравоохранения |
5) global healthcare economy |
e) принять решение о лечении |
6) to make decisions about |
f) получить соотношение цены и |
medical treatment |
качества от ассигнованных ресур- |
|
сов. |
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