Материал: Uchebnik_dlya_sud_expertov

9.Do you believe in the scientific method of observation, analysis, experiment and conclusion?

10.Do you know the difference between scientists and forensic scientists?

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1.The important thing in science is not so much to obtain new facts as to discover new ways of thinking about them. ~William Lawrence Bragg (the Australian physicist)

2.Science is built up of facts, as a house is built of stones; but an accumulation of facts is no more a science than a heap of stones is a house. ~Henri Poincaré, Science and Hypothesis, 1905

3.A science is any discipline in which the fool of this generation can go beyond the point reached by the genius of the last generation. ~Max Gluckman, Politics, Law and Ritual, 1965

4.The scientist is not a person who gives the right answers; he's one who asks the right questions. ~Claude Lévi-Strauss, Le Cru et le cuit, 1964

5.Facts are not science - as the dictionary is not literature. ~Martin H. Fischer (American physician)

6.The essence of knowledge is, having it, to apply it.~ Confucius, 551-479BC

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A scientist, in a broad sense, is one engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge. In a more restricted sense, a scientist is an individual who uses the scientific method. Scientists perform research toward a more comprehensive understanding of nature, including physical, mathematical and social realms.

Forensic scientists are scientists, but when they apply their scientific knowledge to assist juries, attorneys, and judges in understanding the physical evidence of a criminal case, they become forensic scientists. The word “forensic” applies to the use of scientific methods and techniques to investigate a crime and help to resolve legal issues in a court of law. Forensic science literally means science applied to public affairs or social justice.

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4. .

1.How old is forensic science?

2.How do you understand the word “forensic”?

One of the first accounts of forensic science being used to solve a crime occurred in 44 B.C., when Julius Caesar was stabbed to death by Roman senators. A physician named Antistius was called to study the corpse of Julius Caesar. Upon examination of the body, Antistius concluded who was responsible for the crime, and the guilty senators were sentenced to death. The physician made his fateful announcement in the Roman forum, giving forensic (forensic – from the Latin forensics, “belonging to the forum”) science its name.

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1.Forensic science describes the science of associating people, places, and things involved in criminal activities; these scientific disciplines assist in investigating and adjudicating criminal and civil cases.

2.Several departments in the federal government have forensic science labs. These include the Departments of Justice and the Treasury.

3.Each state has its own forensic science laboratory system. These include labs run by state or local government.

4.The discipline has two parts to it divides neatly, like the term that describes it.

5.High school or university teams that compete in debates or public speaking are called "forensics”.

6.The largest area of forensic science is criminalistics, which includes the physical evidence that commonly occurs at crime scenes.

7.It is now necessary to have an armoury of complementary investigative tools to crack the hardest cases. These guarantee that the most sophisticated crimes are uncovered, the perpetrators are revealed and case winning evidence is assured.

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10.to testify in court as expert witnesses

11.to be secure

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application, profession, active, associating, criminal, discipline, assist, collection, physical, forum, political, debates, legal, method, criminalistics, department, local, analyze, scene, laboratory, protect, type, analysis, section.

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public, forensics, an offence, a dispute, a corresponding word, research techniques, to be free from danger, to examine.

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1)science

2)forensic science

3)scientific methods

4)the Forum

5)evidence

6)crime laboratories

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a)a public place where the political and policy issues of the day were discussed and debated

b)a place where things from the crime scene are studied

c)a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.

d)something legally submitted to a tribunal to ascertain the truth of a matter

e)the application of scientific knowledge and methodology to legal problems and criminal investigations.

f)a systematic enterprise of gathering knowledge about the world and organizing and condensing that knowledge into testable laws and theories.

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1.Forensic science describes …..

2.The word "forensic" is derived from …..

3.The largest area of forensic science is ……

4.Forensic scientists analyze ……

5.Crime laboratories must …….

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1. a civil action 2. the outcome of the case 3. a crime 4. a legal system 5. the

( ) (often shortened to forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of ( ) to answer questions of interest to ( ). This may be in relation to ( ) or ( & ). The word forensic comes from the ( $) forēnsis, meaning "of or before the forum." In Roman times, a criminal charge meant presenting ( ) before a group of public individuals in the forum. Both the person accused of the crime and ( $) would give speeches based on their sides of the story. The individual with the best argument and delivery would determine ( ). This origin is the source of the two modern usages of the word forensic – as a form of ( $ ) and as a category of ( -).

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1.a vital part of/ form/ the forensic sciences / the entire justice and regulatory system.

2.have become identified with / the different disciplines/ primarily / law enforcement / some of.

3.are involved in / and the results of their work / either the defense or the prosecution / may serve / forensic scientists / all aspects of criminal cases / and.

4.is / to determine the facts / the use of all available information / the forensic scientist's goal.

5.is expanding / in the civil justice arena / the forensic scientist's role.

6.to the protection of constitutionally guaranteed individual rights/ range/ from questions of the validity of a signature on a will/ issues.

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This text explains…

Forensic science describes …

Forensic science assists in …

The largest area of forensic science is in …

Forensic scientists analyze …

To sum up, there are many types of …

UNIT 2. WHAT IS FORENSIC SCIENCE?

1. .

Linguistics, Entomology, Geology, Anthropology, Pathology, Psychiatry, Odontology, Psychology, Meteorology, Biology, Toxicology.

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