Материал: Uchebnik_dlya_sud_expertov

8.What ethical considerations should be taken to applying different scientific methods for forensic examination?

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d) to speak about his/her knowledge

4. The expert has a right to ….

a)state an opinion and give the supporting data and reasons for it

b)testify in narrative form, demand to see and examine any published texts being used to crossexamine you

c)refuse to state your opinion until you have been compensated

d)all listed above

5.A zealous forensic scientist may … a) misinterpret or falsify the results b) prove the truth

c) balance emotions with reason

6.The best advice for the forensic scientists is … a) to keep the mind open

b) to keep silence when can’t speak

c) “it takes two to speak the truth – one to speak and the other to hear”.

3. .

Like members of the legislative and executive branches, federal judges in the USA are expected to have high standards of ethics. All federal judges follow the principles outlined in the Code of Conduct for United States Judges, which has been adopted by the Judicial Conference of the United States, the federal courts' national policy-making group. The Code of Conduct includes these guidelines:

•A judge should uphold the integrity and independence of the judiciary.

•A judge should avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all activities.

•A judge should perform the duties of the office impartially and diligently.

•A judge may engage in extrajudicial activities to improve the law, the legal system, and the administration of justice.

•A judge should regulate extrajudicial activities to minimize the risk of conflict with judicial duties.

•A judge should regularly file reports of compensation received for law-related and extrajudicial activities.

•A judge should refrain from political activity.

According to these ethical standards, judges should not hear cases in which they have a financial interest, a personal bias regarding a party to the case, or earlier involvement in the case as a lawyer. Further, judges are expected to participate in activities that contribute to the public good through improvement of the legal and judicial systems, and as a result, many judges are engaged in lawrelated education activities in schools.

4. .

1.According to the Code of Conduct for Judges a judge should do the job fairly and unbiasedly.

a)true

b)false

c)there is no information in the text.

2.According to the ethical standards, judges should refuse to hear cases in which they have a financial interest, a personal bias regarding a party to the case.

a)true

b)false

c)there is no information in the text.

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5. , #' # # .

1.A judge should be an absolutely honest person.

2.According to the Code of Conduct a judge should satisfy certain ethical standards.

3.A judge should perform the duties of the office impartially.

GLOSSARY

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~ideals - ~

ideological ~ - "$

3.ethics – ,

Code of ~ $ "

4.hypothesis –

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~justification – &

hypotheses management – $

~test – "

~validity – $

rival hypotheses -

5. investigation – , , !, ,

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~ expert – %, " ~ files – "

judicial ~ -

6.moral – ,

morality – $ morals - , $

~certainty – &

7.reason – , , !, !

by ~ of - - good ~ -

important ~ - &$

reasons beyond control – $ rule of ~ - $ "

8.science -

~and technology –

forensic ~ -

legal ~ - ,

~of law –

9.temptation – !, &

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to resist ~ - $ )

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