3.The lower respiratory tract includes …
4.There are two lungs: …
5.The lungs are located in …
6.There are two layers of the pleura: …
7.The visceral pleura lines …
8.The parietal pleura lines …
9.The respiratory process consists of …
10.The primary function of the respiratory system is … and its secondary function is …
Task 9. Discuss any information you know about the topic with a partner.
VOCABULARY and PRONUNCIATION
1. |
respiratory |
3. |
flu |
|
respiratory system |
|
flu attack |
|
respiratory rate |
|
flu outbreak |
|
respiratory illness |
|
influenza virus |
|
respiratory infection |
|
influenza virus infection |
2. |
virus – viruses |
|
influenza vaccine |
|
influenza vaccination |
||
|
virus disease |
|
|
|
|
|
virus infection viral antigen viral particle antiviral drug antiviral antibody
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Task 3. Read the text and answer the questions.
Influenza is a very common disease, especially during the flu season (from October to April). It is caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract.
Influenza viruses – cause the outbreaks and epidemics of respiratory illness. These viruses are very unusual because they are always changing. A series of changes is called “antigenic drift”. It is an abrupt change that results in new forms (subtypes) of the virus. Antigenic drift occurs only occasionally. When it occurs, large numbers of people, and sometimes the entire population, are without protective immunity. This can result in a catastrophic worldwide epidemic, called a pandemic, such as those that occurred in 1918, 1957 and 1968.
Influenza viruses spread through the air, mostly when an infected person sneezes, coughs, and speaks. Typical symptoms are abrupt fever, muscle and bone aches, tiredness, cough, sore throat, running nose, and headache. It lasts longer than most other common respiratory infections, often for a week or more. Symptoms typically appear 1-5 days after the infection.
Anyone can get influenza, but the risk of complications is the highest among persons who are older 65, adults and children with disorders of the lungs or heart, including asthma, diabetes, kidney diseases or immune system problems. Pregnant women and health-care workers are also at risk.
Most people usually recover in 1 to 2 weeks. However, some people develop serious complications such as pneumonia.
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Unfortunately, there is no cure for influenza. Rest and a lot of liquids are the main treatment. If necessary, the patient may be advised to take paracetamol to relieve fever and muscle aches. Since influenza is caused by virus, antibiotics have no effect against the infection. The antiviral drugs may prevent or reduce the severity of influenza.
It is thought that one of the ways to prevent influenza is to get a yearly flu vaccination. It is recommended for children, chronically ill persons, and the elderly. The best time to get a flu shot is between October and mid – November.
1.What is an infectious agent that causes influenza?
2.How do people get influenza?
3.What are the symptoms of influenza?
4.How soon after the exposure do symptoms appear?
5.Who is at risk for influenza?
6.What complications can result from influenza?
7.What is the treatment for influenza?
8.How can influenza be prevented?
Task 4. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? If the statement is false, correct the statement.
1.There are several subtypes of the influenza virus.
2.The influenza virus spreads through water and direct contact.
3.Elderly patients are at lower risk for influenza.
4.There is some treatment but no cure against influenza.
5.Vaccination is obligatory for all people.
GRAMMAR
1. Influenza is / are a very common disease.
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2.These viruses is / are very unusual because they is / are always changing.
3.Antigenic drift occur / occurs occasionally.
4.Influenza virus spread / spreads through the air mostly when an infected person sneeze / sneezes, cough / coughs, and speak / speaks.
5.Typical symptoms is / are abrupt fever, muscle and bone aches, tiredness, cough, sore throat, running nose, and headache.
6.It last / lasts longer than most other common respiratory infections, often for a week or more.
7.Symptoms typically appear / appears 1-5 days after the infection.
8.Most people usually recover / recovers in 1 to 2 weeks.
9.However, some people develop / develops serious complications such as pneumonia.
10.Unfortunately, there is / are no cure for influenza.
-ic |
antigen, metal, psyche |
antigenic |
|
|
|
-al |
virus, emotion, practice, |
|
|
intestine, artery |
|
|
|
|
-ar |
lobe, alveolus, lobule |
|
|
|
|
-y |
stuff, wind, noise |
|
|
|
|
-ive (-tive, |
create, cure, operate, |
|
-ative) |
reconstruct |
|
|
|
|
WORK IN PAIRS
Task 7. Ask your partner about any medical terms relating to the topic and answer his/her questions.
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Task 8. Complete the sentences.
1.Influenza is …
2.It is caused by …
3.It is transmitted through …
4.The patients at risk are …
5.This disease is characterized by …
6.The patient experiences such symptoms as …
7.The main complications of influenza are …
8.The diagnostic methods include …
9.The treatment of influenza is aimed at …
10.Preventive measures are the following …
Task 9. Discuss any information you know about the topic with a partner.
3.Pneumonia
VOCABULARY and PRONUNCIATION
1. |
pulmonology |
3. |
pleura |
|
pulmonologist |
|
pleural sac |
|
pulmonary |
|
pleural fluid |
|
pulmonary infection |
|
pleural effusion |
|
pulmonary disease |
|
pleuritic pain |
2. |
breathe |
4. |
pneumonia |
|
breathe in / out |
|
lobal pneumonia |
|
breathing technique |
|
severe pneumonia |
|
breathless |
|
hospital pneumonia |
|
breathlessness |
|
community acquired pneumonia |
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