Материал: English Grammar in Use_Raymond Murphy_2nd ed

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B. We do not normally use would in the if-part of the sentence:

* I'd be very frightened if somebody pointed a gun at me. (not 'if somebody would point')

* If I didn't go to their party, they'd be offended. (not 'If I wouldn't go')

But it is possible to say 'if... would' when you ask somebody to do something:

* (from a formal letter) I would be grateful if you would send me your brochure as soon as possible.

* 'Shall I close the door?' 'Yes, please, if you would.'

C. In the other part of the sentence (not the if-part) we use would ('d)/wouldn't:

* If you took more exercise, you'd (= you would) probably feet healthier,

* Would you mind if I used your phone?

* I'm not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn't steep (if I went to bed now).

Could and might are also possible:

* If you took more exercise, you might feet healthier. (= it is possible that you would feel healthier)

* If it stopped raining, we could go out. (= we would be able to go out)

D. Do not use when in sentences like those on this page:

* They would be offended if we didn't accept their invitation. (not 'when we didn't')

* What would you do if you were bitten by a snake? (not 'when you were bitten')

For if and when see also Unit 25C.

EXERCISES

37.1 Put the verb into the correct form.

1. They would be rather offended if I _didn't go_ to see them. (not/go)

2. If you took more exercise, you _would feel_ better. (feel)

3. If I was offered the job, I think I --- it. (take)

4. I'm sure Amy will lend you the money. I'd be very surprised if she ---. (refuse)

5. If I sold my car, I --- much money for it. (not/get)

6. A lot of people would be out of work if the factory ---. (close down)

7. What would happen if I --- that red button? (press)

8. Liz gave me this ring. She --- very upset if I lost it. (be)

9. Mark and Carol are expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ---. (not/come)

10. Would Tim mind if I --- his bicycle without asking him? (borrow)

11. If somebody --- in here with a gun, I'd be very frightened. (walk)

12. I'm sure Sue --- if you explained the situation to her. (understand)

37.2 You ask a friend questions. Use What would you do if ...?

1. (Maybe one day your friend will win a lot of money.)

_What would you do if you won a lot of money?_

2. (Your friend's car has never been stolen but perhaps one day it will be.)

What ---

3. (Perhaps one day your friend will lose his/her passport.)

4. (There has never been a fire in the building.)

37.3 Answer the questions in the way shown.

1. A: Shall we catch the 10.30 train?

B: No. (arrive/too early) _If we caught the 10.30 train, we'd arrive too early._

2. A: Is Ken going to take the examination?

B: No. (fall) If he ---

3. A: Why don't we stay at a hotel?

B: No. (cost too much money) If ---

4. A: Is Sally going to apply for the job?

B: No. (not/get it) If ---

5. A: Let's tell them the truth.

B: No. (not/believe us) If ---

6. A: Why don't we invite Bill to the party?

B: No. (have to invite his friends too)

37.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.

1. If you took more exercise, _you'd feel better._

2. I'd feel very angry if ---

3. If I didn't go to work tomorrow ---

4. Would you go to the party if ---

5. If you bought some new clothes

6. Would you mind if ---

UNIT 38. If I knew ... I wish I knew ...

A. Study this example situation:

Sue wants to phone Paul but she can't do this because she doesn't know his number. She says:

If I knew his number, I would phone him.

Sue says: If I knew his number... . This tells us that she doesn't know his number.

She is imagining the situation. The real situation is that she doesn't know his number.

When you imagine a situation like this, you use if + past (if I knew/if you were/if we didn't etc.). But the meaning is present, not past:

* Tom would read more if he had more time. (but he doesn't have much time)

* If I didn't want to go to the party, I wouldn't go. (but I want to go)

* We wouldn't have any money if we didn't work. (but we work)

* If you were in my position, what would you do?

* It's a pity you can't drive. It would be useful if you could.

B. We use the past in the same way after wish (I wish I knew/I wish you were etc.). We use wish to say that we regret something, that something is not as we would like it to be:

* I wish I knew Paul's phone number. (= I don't know it and I regret this)

* Do you ever wish you could fly? (you can't fly)

* It rains a lot here. I wish it didn't rain so Often.

* It's very crowded here. I wish there weren't so many people. (but there are a lot of people)

* I wish I didn't have to work. (but I have to work)

C. After if and wish, you can use were instead of was (if I were I wish it were etc.). So you can say:

* If I were you, I wouldn't buy that coat. or If I was you...

* I'd go out if it weren't raining. or if it wasn't raining.

* I wish it were possible. or I wish it was possible.

D. We do not normally use would in the if-part of the sentence or after wish:

* If I were rich, I would have a yacht. (not 'If I would be rich')

* I wish I had something to read. (not 'I wish I would have')

Sometimes wish ... would is possible ('I wish you would listen'). See Unit 40C.

E. Note that could sometimes means 'would be able to' and sometimes 'was/were able to':

* You could get a job more easily. (you could get = you would be able to get)

if you could speak a foreign language. (you could speak = you were able to speak)

EXERCISES

38.1 Put the verb into the correct form.

1. If I _knew_ his number, I would phone him. (know)

2. I _wouldn't buy_ that coat if I were you. (not/buy)

3. I --- you if I could, but I'm afraid I can't. (help)

4. We would need a car if we --- in the country. (live)

5. If we had the choice, we --- in the country. (live)

6. This soup isn't very good. It --- better if it wasn't so salty. (taste)

7. I wouldn't mind living in England if the weather --- better. (be)

8. If I were you, --- (not/wait). I --- now. (go)

9. You're always tired. If you --- to bed so late every night, you wouldn't be tired all the time. (not/go)

10. I think there are too many cars. If there --- so many cars (not/be), there --- so much pollution. (not/be)

38.2 Write a sentence with If ... For each situation.

1. We don't visit you very often because you live so far away.

_If you didn't live so far away, we'd visit you more often._

2. He doesn't speak very clearly--that's why people don't understand him.

If he --- more --- people ---

3. That book is too expensive, so I'm not going to buy it.

If the book ---, I ---

4. We don't go out very often because we can't afford it.

5. It's raining, so we can't have lunch in the garden.

6. I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can't meet you.

38.3 Write sentences beginning I wish ...

1. I don't know many people (and I'm lonely).

_I wish I knew more people._

2. I don't have a key (and I need one). I wish ---

3. Ann isn't here (and I need to see her).

4. It's cold (and I hate cold weather).

5. I live in a big city (and I don't like it).

6. I can't go to the party (and I'd like to).

7. I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed).

8. I don't know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down).

9. I'm not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and that's a pity).

38.4 Write your own sentences beginning I wish ...

1. (somewhere you'd like to be now--on the beach, in New York, in bed etc.)

I wish I ---

2. (something you'd like to have--a computer, a job, lots of money etc.)

3. (something you'd like to be able to do--sing, speak a language, fly etc.)

4. (something you'd like to be--beautiful, strong, rich etc.)

UNIT 39. If I had known ... I wish I had known ...

A. Study this example situation:

Last month Gary was in hospital for an operation. Liz didn't know this, so she didn't go to visit him. They met a few days ago. Liz said:

If I had known you were in hospital, I would have gone to visit you.

Liz said: If I had known you were in hospital... . The real situation was that she didn't know he was in hospital.

When you are talking about the past, you use if + had ('d) ... (if I had known/been/done etc.):

* I didn't see you when you passed me in the street. If I'd seen you, of course I would have said hello. (but I didn't see you)

* I decided to stay at home last night. I would have gone out if I hadn't been so tired. (but I was tired)

* If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn't have walked into the wall. (but he wasn't looking)

* The view was wonderful. If I'd had a camera, I would have taken some photographs. (but I didn't have a camera)

Compare:

* I'm not hungry. If I was hungry, I would eat something. (now)

* I wasn't hungry. If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something. (past)

B. Do not use would in the if-part of the sentence. We use would in the other part of the sentence:

* If I had seen you, I would have said hello. (not 'If I would have seen you')

Note that 'd can be would or had:

* If I'd seen you, (I'd seen = I had seen)

I'd have said hello. (I'd have said = I would have said)

C. We use had (done) in the same way after wish. I wish something had happened = I am sorry that it didn't happen:

* I wish I'd known that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him. (but I didn't know)

* I feel sick. I wish I hadn't eaten so much cake. (I ate too much cake)

* Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages? (you didn't study science)

* The weather was cold while we were away. I wish it had been warmer.

Do not use would have... after wish in these sentences:

* I wish it had been warmer. (not 'I wish it would have been')

D. Compare would (do) and would have (done):

* If I had gone to the party last night, I would be tired now. (I am not tired now--present)

If I had gone to the party last night, I would have met lots of people. (I didn't meet lots of people--past)

Compare would have, could have and might have:

* If the weather hadn't been so bad, we would have gone out.

* If the weather hadn't been so bad, we could have gone out. (= we would have been able to go out)

* If the weather hadn't been so bad, we might have gone out. (=perhaps we would have gone out)

EXERCISES

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