СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
1.1 Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs in the correct form:
1.2 Use the words in brackets to complete the questions.
1.3 Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need the negative (I'm not doing etc.).
1.4 Read this conversation between Brian and Sarah. Put the verbs into the correct form.
1.5 Complete the sentences using one of these verbs: get change rise fall increase
2.1 Complete the sentences using one of the following:
2.2 Put the verb into the correct form.
2.3 Use one of the following verbs to complete these sentences. Sometimes you need the negative:
2.4 Ask Liz questions about herself and her family.
2.5 Complete using one of the following.
3.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong.
3.2 Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
4.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
4.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
5.1 Read what Sharon says about a typical working day:
5.2 Put one of these verbs in each sentence:
5.3 A friend has just come back from holiday. You ask him about it. Write your questions.
5.4 Complete the sentences, Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
6.2 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use the past continuous.
6.3 Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
6.4 Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
7.2 Read the situations and write sentences. Choose one of the following:
7.4 Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.
8.2 Complete Bs answers. Some sentences are positive and some negative. Use a verb from this list:
8.3 Complete these sentences using today/this year/this term etc.
8.4 Read the situations and write sentences as shown in the examples.
9.1 What have these people been doing or what has been happening?
9.2 Write a question for each situation.
9.3 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
10.1 Read the situations and write two sentences using the words in brackets.
10.2 For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.
11.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct them if they are wrong.
11.2 Read the situations and write questions from the words in brackets.
11.3 Complete Bs answers to a's questions.
12.1 Write questions with how long and when.
12.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences beginning in the way shown.
12.4 Write Bs sentences using the words in brackets.
13.1 What has happened in these situations?
13.2 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
13.3 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
13.4 (Section c) Put the verb into the most suitable form, present perfect or past simple.
14.1 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
14.2 Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple.
14.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
14.4 Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.
15.1 Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets.
15.2 Read the situations and write sentences ending with before. Use the verb given in brackets.
15.4 Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.).
16.1 Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets.
16.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
17.1 Write negative sentences with have. Some are present (can't) and some are past (couldn't).
17.2 Complete these questions with have. Some are present and some are past.
18.2 Brian changed his lifestyle. He stopped doing some things and started doing other things:
18.3 Compare what Carol said five years ago and what she says today:
19.3 Have you arranged to do anything at these times? Write (true) sentences about yourself.
19.4 Put the verb into the more suitable form, present continuous or present simple.
20.2 Write a question with going to for each situation.
20.3 Read the situations and complete the dialogues. Use going to.
20.4 What is going to happen in these situations? Use the words in brackets.
21.2 Read the situations and write sentences with I think I'll ... Or I don't think I'll ...
21.3 Which is correct? (If necessary, study Units 19-20 first.)
21.4 What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with shall I ...? or shall we ...?
22.3 Put in will ('ll) or won't.
22.4 Where will you be at these times? Write true sentences about yourself. Use one of these:
23.1 Complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.
23.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.
24.2 Put the verb into the correct form, will be (do)ing or will have (done).
25.2 Make one sentence from two.
25.3 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
26.2 Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.
26.4 Complete the answers to the questions with was/were able to.
26.5 Complete the sentences using could, couldn't or was/were able to.
27.1 Answer the questions with a suggestion. Use could.
27.2 Put in can or could. Sometimes either word is possible.
27.4 Read this information about Ken:
28.2 Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form.
29.1 Write these sentences in a different way using may or might.
29.2 Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form.
29.3 Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets. Use may or might.
29.4 Complete the sentences using might not or couldn't.
30. Write sentences with may or might.
30.4 Write sentences with may not or might not.
30.5 Read the situations and make sentences with may/might as well.
31.2 Make questions with have to.
31.4 Complete these sentences with mustn't or don't/doesn't have to.
32.2 Complete the sentences with must, mustn't or needn't.
32.3 Read the situations and make sentences with needn't have.
33.2 Read the situations and write sentences with I think/I don't think ... Should...
34.1 Write a sentence (beginning in the way shown) that means the same as the first sentence.
34.2 Are these sentences right or wrong?
34.4 Complete these sentences using if ... Should... .
35.1 Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need only one word, sometimes two.
35.2 Read the situations and write sentences with had better. Use the words in brackets.
35.3 Put in had better or should. Sometimes either is possible.
35.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It's time (somebody did something).
36.1 Read the situations and write questions beginning Can ... Or Could ...
36.2 Read the situations and write questions beginning Do you think ...
36.3 What would you say in these situations?
37.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
37.2 You ask a friend questions. Use What would you do if ...?
37.3 Answer the questions in the way shown.
37.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
38.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
38.2 Write a sentence with If ... For each situation.
38.3 Write sentences beginning I wish ...
38.4 Write your own sentences beginning I wish ...
39.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
39.2 Write a sentence with if for each situation.
39.3 Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish ...
40.2 Write sentences using promised.
40.3 What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with I wish ... Would ...
40.4 Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
40.5 These sentences are about things that often happened in the past. Complete the sentences using
41.1 Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:
41.2 Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past.
41.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.
41.4 Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. Write a passive sentence.
42.1 What do these words mean? Use it can ... Or it can't... . Use a dictionary if necessary.
42.2 Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):
42.3 Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody' or 'they', write a passive sentence.
43.2 Write these sentences in another way, beginning in the way shown.
44.2 People say a lot of things about Arthur. For example:
45.1 Tick (V) the correct sentence, (a) or (b), for each picture.
45.2 Why did you do these things? Answer using 'have something done'. Use one of these verbs:
45.3 Write sentences in the way shown.
45.4 Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use the structure 'have something done'.
45.5 Now you have to use 'have something done' with its second meaning (see Section c).
46.1 Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Charlie. Here are some of the things Charlie said to you:
47.1 Here are some things that Ann said to you:
47.2 Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time.
47.3 (Section c) The following sentences are direct speech:
48.1 Ask Liz questions. (Look at her answers before you write the questions.)
48.2 Make questions with who or what.
48.3 Put the words in brackets in the correct order. All the sentences are questions.
48.4 Write negative questions from the words in brackets. In each situation you are surprised.
49.1 Make a new sentence from the question in brackets.
50.2 You never agree with Sue. Answer in the way shown.
51.1 Put a question tag on the end of these sentences.
52.1 Complete each sentence with one of these verbs:
1.3 The following verbs can be regular or irregular:
2. Choose the right alternative.
4. Use your own ideas to complete b's sentences.
7. Put the verbs into the correct form.
8. Put the verb into the most suitable form.
12. Put the verbs in the most suitable form. Sometimes there is more than one possibility.
13. Put the verb into the correct form. Choose from the following:
15. Make sentences from the words in brackets.
16. Put the verb into the correct form.
18. Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
19. Put the verb into the correct form.
20. Put the verb into the most suitable passive form.
21. Put the verb into the correct form, active or passive.
22. Read these newspaper reports and put the verbs into the most suitable form.
23. Put the verb into the correct form.
24. Make sentences from the words in brackets.
25. Complete the second sentence so that the meaning is similar to the first.
27. Choose the right alternative.
28. Put in one of the following prepositions: at on in for since during by until
29. Put in the missing preposition.
30. Put in the missing preposition.
* I'm thinking of giving up my job. (= I am considering)
When have means 'possess' etc., do not use the continuous (see Unit 17):
* We're enjoying our holiday. We have a nice room in the hotel. (not 'we're having')
but * We're enjoying our holiday. We're having a great time.
B. See hear smell taste
We normally use the present simple (not continuous) with these verbs:
* Do you see that man over there? (not 'are you seeing')
* This room smells. Let's open a window.
We often use can + see/hear/smell/taste:
* Listen! Can you hear something?
But you can use the continuous with see (I'm seeing) when the meaning is 'having a meeting with' (especially in the future--see Unit 19A):
* I'm seeing the manager tomorrow morning.
C. He is selfish and He is being selfish
The present continuous of be is I am being/he is being/you are being etc.
I'm being = 'I'm behaving/I'm acting'. Compare:
* I can't understand why he's being so selfish. He isn't usually like that. (being selfish = behaving selfishly at the moment)
but * He never thinks about other people. He is very selfish. (not 'he is being') (= he is selfish generally, not only at the moment)
We use am/is/are being to say how somebody is behaving. It is not usually possible in other sentences:
* It's hot today. (not 'it is being hot')
* Sarah is very tired. (not 'is being tired')
D. Look and feet
You can use the present simple or continuous when you say how somebody looks or feels now:
* You took well today. or You're looking well today.
* How do you feel now? or How are you feeling now?
but * I usually feel tired in the morning. (not 'I'm usually feeling')
EXERCISES
1. I'm seeing the manager tomorrow morning. RIGHT
2. I'm feeling hungry. Is there anything to eat? --- wrong, I feel hungry
3. Are you believing in God? --- wrong, do you believe in God? no I’m an atheist
4. This sauce is great. It's tasting really good. --- - wrong, it tastes really good.
5. I'm thinking this is your key. Am I right? --- wrong, I think
4.2 Look at the pictures. Use the words in brackets to make sentences. (You should also study Unit 3 before you do this exercise.)
1. (you/not/seem/very happy today) You don't seem very happy today.
2. (what/you/do?) ---what are you doing?
Be quiet! (I/think) ---I’m thinking
3. (who/this umbrella/belong to?) --- To whom does this umbrella belong ?
I've no idea.
4. (the dinner/smell/good) ---The dinner smells good.
5. Excuse me. (anybody/sit/here?) ---Is anybody sitting here?
No, it's free
6. Can you ring me back in half an hour? (I/have/dinner) ---I’m having dinner
1. Are you hungry? Do you want something to eat? (you/want)
2. Jill is interested in politics but she --- to a political party. (not/belong) does not belong to
3. Don't put the dictionary away. I --- it. (use) I’m using it
4. Don't put the dictionary away. I --- it. (need) I need it.
5. Who is that man? What ---? (he/want) does he want
6. Who is that man? Why --- at us? (he/look) is he looking
7. George says he's 80 years old but nobody --- him. (believe) - believes
8. She told me her name but I --- it now. (not/remember) – don’t remember
9. I --- of selling my car. (think) Would you be interested in buying it? Am thinking
10. I --- you should sell your w
car. (think) You --- it very often. (not/use) think, don’t use
11. I used to drink a lot of coffee but these days I --- tea. (prefer) prefer
12. Air --- mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. (consist) consists
1. I can't understand why he's being so selfish. He isn't usually like that.
2. Jack --- very nice to me at the moment. I wonder why. – was being
3. You'll like Jill when you meet her. She --- very nice. - is
4. Normally you are very sensible, so why --- so silly about this matter? Are you being
5. Why isn't Sarah at work today? --- ill? – Is she being
UNIT 5. Past simple (I did)
A. Study this example:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer. He lived from 1756 to 1791. He started composing at the age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music. He was only 35 years old when he died.
Lived/started/wrote/was/died are all past simple.
B. Very often the past simple ends in -ed (regular verbs):
* I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a shop.
* We invited them to our party but they decided not to come.
* The police stopped me on my way home last night.
* She passed her examination because she studied very hard.
For spelling (stopped, studied etc.), see Appendix 6.
But many verbs are irregular. The past simple does not end in -ed. For example:
write -> wrote
* Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
see -> saw
* We saw Rose in town a few days ago.
go -> went
* I went to the cinema three times last week.
shut -> shut
* It was cold, so I shut the window.
For a list of irregular verbs, see Appendix 1.
C. In questions and negatives we use did/didn't + infinitive (enjoy/see/go etc.):
I/she/they: enjoyed/saw/went
Did: you/she/they: enjoy?/see?/go?
I/she/they: didn't: enjoy/see/go
* A: Did you go out last night?
B: Yes, I went to the cinema but I didn't enjoy the film much.
* 'When did Mr Thomas die?' 'About ten years ago.'
* They didn't invite her to the party, so she didn't go.
* 'Did you have time to write the letter?' 'No, I didn't.'
Be careful when do is the main verb in the sentence:
* What did you do at the weekend? (not 'what did you at the weekend')
* I didn't do anything. (not 'I didn't anything')
D. The past of be (am/is/are) is was/were:
I/he/she/it was/wasn't
we/you/they were/weren't
was I/he/she/it?
were we/you/they?
Note that we do not use did in negatives and questions with was/were:
* I was angry because they were late.
* Was the weather good when you were on holiday?
* They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
* Did you go out last night or were you too tired?
EXERCISES
SHARON
I usually get up at 7 o'clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work, which takes me about half an hour. I start work at 8.45. I never have lunch. I finish work at 5 o'clock. i'm always tired when I get home. I usually cook a meal in the evening. I don't usually go out. I go to bed at about 11 o'clock. I always sleep well.
Yesterday was a typical working day for Sharon. Write she did or didn't do yesterday.
1. She got up at 7 o'clock.
2. She --- a big breakfast.
3. She ---.
4. It --- to get to work.
5. --- at 8.45.
6. --- lunch.
7. --- at 5 o'clock.
8. --- tired when --- home.
9. --- a meal yesterday evening.
10. --- out yesterday evening.
11. --- at 11 o'clock.
12. --- well last night.
buy catch cost drink fall hurt sell spend teach throw win write
1. Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
2. 'How did you learn to drive?' 'My father --- me.'
3. We couldn't afford to keep our car, so we --- it.
4. I was very thirsty. I --- the water very quickly.
5. Paul and I played tennis yesterday. He's much better than me, so he --- easily.
6. Don --- down the stairs this morning and --- his lag.
7. Jim --- the ball to Sue, who --- it.
8. Ann --- a lot of money yesterday. She --- a dress which --- l100.
1. (where/go?) Where did you go?
2. (go alone?) ---
3. (food/good?) ---
4. (how long/stay there?) ---
5. (stay/at a hotel?) ---
6. (how/travel?) ---
7. (the weather/fine?) ---
8. (what/do in the evenings?) ---
9. (meet anybody interesting?) ---
1. It was warm, so I _took_ off my coat. (take)
2. The film wasn't very good. I didn't enjoy it very much. (enjoy)
3. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I --- her. (disturb)
4. I was very tired, so I --- to bed early. (go)
5. The bed was very uncomfortable. I --- very well. (sleep)
6. Sue wasn't hungry, so she --- anything. (eat)
7. We went to Kate's house but she --- at home. (be)
8. It was a funny situation but nobody --- (laugh)
9. The window was open and a bird --- into the room. (fly)
10. The hotel wasn't very expensive. It --- very much. (cost)
11. I was in a hurry, so I --- time to phone you. (have)
12. It was hard work carrying the bags. They --- very heavy. (be)
UNIT 6. Past continuous (I was doing)
A. Study this example situation:
Yesterday Karen and Jim played tennis. They began at 10 o'clock and finished at 11.30. So, at 10.30 they were playing tennis.
They were playing = 'they were in the middle of playing'. They had not finished playing.
Was/were ~ing is the past continuous:
I/he/she/it was playing/doing/working etc.
we/you/they were playing/doing/working etc.
B. We use the past continuous to say that somebody was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but had not finished:
* This time last year I was living in Brazil.
* What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?
* I waved to her but she wasn't looking.
C. Compare the past continuous (I was doing) and past simple (I did):
Past continuous (in the middle of an action)
* I was walking home when I met Dave. (= in the middle of walking home)
* Ann was watching television when the phone rang.
Past simple (complete action)
* I walked home after the party last night. (= all the way, completely)
* Ann watched television a lot when she was ill last year.
D. We often use the past simple and the past continuous together to say that something happened in the middle of something else:
* Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner.
* I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a book.
* While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
But we use the past simple to say that one thing happened after another:
* I was walking along the road when I saw Dave. So I stopped and we had a chat.
Compare:
* When Karen arrived, we were having dinner. (= We had already started dinner before Karen arrived.)
* When Karen arrived, we had dinner. (= First Karen arrived and then we had
dinner.)
E. There are some verbs (for example, know/want/believe) that are not normally used in the continuous (see Unit 4A):
* We were good friends. We knew each other well. (not 'we were knowing')
* I was enjoying the party but Chris wanted to go home. (not 'was wanting')
EXERCISES