Материал: Oxford American Handbook of Urology ( PDFDrive )
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xi
Detailed contents
1Significance and preliminary investigation of
urological symptoms and signs |
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Hematuria I: definition and types |
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Hematuria II: causes and investigation |
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Hematospermia 8 |
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Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) |
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Nocturia and nocturnal polyuria |
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Flank pain 16 |
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Urinary incontinence in adults 20 |
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Genital symptoms 22 |
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Abdominal examination in urological disease 24 |
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Digital rectal examination (DRE) |
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Lumps in the groin 30 |
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Lumps in the scrotum 32 |
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Urological investigations |
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Urine examination 36 |
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Urine cytology 38 |
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Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) |
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Radiological imaging of the urinary tract 40 |
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Uses of plain abdominal radiography (KUB X-ray—kidneys, |
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ureters, bladder) 42 |
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Intravenous pyelography (IVP) |
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Other urological contrast studies 48 |
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Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance |
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imaging (MRI) 50 |
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Radioisotope imaging 52 |
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Uroflowmetry 54 |
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Post-void residual urine volume measurement 58 |
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Cystometry, pressure-flow studies, and videocystometry 60 |
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Bladder outlet obstruction |
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Regulation of prostate growth and development of benign |
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prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) 64 |
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Pathophysiology and causes of bladder outlet obstruction |
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(BOO) and BPH 66 |
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Benign prostatic obstruction (BPO): symptoms and signs |
68 |
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DETAILED CONTENTS |
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Diagnostic tests in men with LUTS thought to be due to |
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BPH 70 |
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Why do men seek treatment for their symptoms? 72 |
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Watchful waiting for uncomplicated BPH |
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Medical management of BPH: A-blockers |
76 |
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Medical management of BPH: 5A-reductase inhibitors |
78 |
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Medical management of BPH: combination therapy 80 |
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Medical management of BPH: alternative drug therapy |
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Minimally invasive management of BPH: surgical alternatives |
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to TURP 84 |
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Invasive surgical alternatives to TURP 86 |
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TURP and open prostatectomy 88 |
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Acute urinary retention: definition, pathophysiology, and |
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causes 90 |
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Acute urinary retention: initial and definitive management |
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Indications for and technique of urethral catheterization 96 |
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Indications for and technique of suprapubic catheterization |
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Management of nocturia and nocturnal polyuria 100 |
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High-pressure chronic retention (HPCR) |
102 |
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Bladder outlet obstruction and retention in women 104 |
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Urethral stricture disease 106 |
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Incontinence |
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109 |
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Classification 110 |
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Causes and pathophysiology 112 |
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Evaluation 114 |
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Treatment of sphincter weakness incontinence: injection |
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therapy 116 |
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Treatment of sphincter weakness incontinence: retropubic |
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suspension 117 |
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Treatment of sphincter weakness incontinence: pubovaginal |
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slings 118 |
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Treatment of sphincter weakness incontinence: the artificial |
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urinary sphincter 120 |
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Overactive bladder: conventional treatment 122 |
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Overactive bladder: options for failed conventional |
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therapy 124 |
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“Mixed” incontinence 126 |
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Post-prostatectomy incontinence |
128 |
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Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) 130 |
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Incontinence in the elderly patient |
132 |
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DETAILED CONTENTS |
xiii |
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Infections and inflammatory conditions |
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Urinary tract infection: definitions, incidence, and |
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investigations 134 |
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Urinary tract infection: microbiology 138 |
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Lower urinary tract infection 140 |
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Recurrent urinary tract infection |
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Urinary tract infection: treatment |
146 |
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Acute pyelonephritis 148 |
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Pyonephrosis and perinephric abscess 150 |
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Other forms of pyelonephritis 152 |
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Chronic pyelonephritis |
154 |
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Septicemia and urosepsis |
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Fournier gangrene |
160 |
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Epididymitis and orchitis |
162 |
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Periurethral abscess 164 |
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Prostatitis: epidemiology and classification 166 |
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Prostatitis: presentation, evaluation, and treatment 168 |
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Other prostate infections |
170 |
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Interstitial cystitis |
172 |
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Tuberculosis 176 |
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Parasitic infections |
178 |
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HIV in urological surgery |
180 |
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Inflammatory and other disorders of the penis 182 |
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Urological neoplasia |
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185 |
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Pathology and molecular biology |
188 |
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Prostate cancer: epidemiology and etiology 190 |
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Prostate cancer: incidence, prevalence, and mortality 192 |
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Prostate cancer pathology: premalignant lesions 193 |
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Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate cancer |
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screening 194 |
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Counseling before prostate cancer screening 195 |
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Prostate cancer: clinical presentation 196 |
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PSA and prostate cancer |
198 |
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PSA derivatives: free-to-total ratio, density, and velocity |
200 |
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Prostate cancer: transrectal ultrasonography and |
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biopsies 202 |
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Prostate cancer staging |
206 |
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Prostate cancer grading |
212 |
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xiv DETAILED CONTENTS
Risk stratification in management of prostate cancer 214
General principles of management of localized prostate cancer 215
Management of localized prostate cancer: watchful waiting and active surveillance 216
Management of localized prostate cancer: radical prostatectomy 218
Postoperative course after radical prostatectomy 222 Prostate cancer control with radical prostatectomy 224
Management of localized prostate cancer: radical external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) 226
Management of localized prostate cancer: brachytherapy (BT) 228
Management of localized and radiorecurrent prostate cancer: cryotherapy and HIFU 230
Management of locally advanced nonmetastatic prostate cancer (T3–4 N0M0) 232
Management of advanced prostate cancer: hormone therapy I 233
Management of advanced prostate cancer: hormone therapy II 234
Management of advanced prostate cancer: hormone therapy III 238
Management of advanced prostate cancer: androgen-independent/ castration-resistant disease 240
Palliative management of prostate cancer 242
Prostate cancer: prevention; complementary and alternative therapies 244
Bladder cancer: epidemiology and etiology 246 Bladder cancer: pathology and staging 248 Bladder cancer: presentation 252
Bladder cancer: diagnosis and staging 254
Management of superficial UC: transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) 256
Management of superficial UC: adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy and BCG 258
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: surgical management of localized (pT2/3a) disease 260
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: radical and palliative radiotherapy 263
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: management of locally advanced and metastatic disease 264
Bladder cancer: urinary diversion after cystectomy 266