Материал: Oxford American Handbook of Urology ( PDFDrive )
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SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS |
xxv |
MCUG |
micturating cystourethrography |
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MESA |
microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration |
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MI |
myocardial infarction |
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MMC |
mitomycin C |
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MRI |
magnetic resonance imaging |
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MRU |
magnetic resonance urography |
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MRSA |
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas |
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MS |
multiple sclerosis |
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MSA |
multiple system atrophy |
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MSK |
medullary sponge kidney |
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MSU |
mid-stream specimen of urine |
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MTX |
methotrexate |
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MUCP |
maximal urethral closure pressure |
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MVAC |
methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin |
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MVP |
methotrexate, vinblastine, cisplatin |
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NCCN |
National Comprehensive Cancer Network |
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NCI |
National Cancer Institute |
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NDO |
neurogenic detrusor overactivity |
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NGU |
nongonococcal urethritis |
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NIDDK |
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease |
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NIH |
National Institutes of Health |
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NO |
nitrous oxide |
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NP |
nocturnal polyuria |
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NSAID |
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
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OAB |
overactive bladder |
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OP |
open prostatectomy |
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PAG |
periaqueductal gray matter |
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PC |
prostate cancer |
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PCNL |
percutaneous nephrolithotomy |
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PCPT |
Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial |
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PD |
Parkinson’s disease |
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PDE5 |
phosphodiesterase type 5 |
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PE |
pulmonary embolism |
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PESA |
percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration |
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PFS |
pressure-flow study |
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PGE |
prostaglandin E |
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PLCO |
Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (study) |
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PMC |
pontine micturition center |
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PO |
orally, by mouth |
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PR |
pulse rate |
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PSA |
prostatic-specific antigen |
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xxvi SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
PSADT |
PSA doubling time |
PTC |
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiopancreatography |
PTH |
parathyroid hormone |
PTTI |
parenchymal transit time index |
PUJO |
pelviureteric junction obstruction |
PUV |
posterior urethral valve |
PVR |
post-void residual urine |
qid |
four times a day |
RALP |
robotically assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy |
RBF |
renal blood flow |
RCC |
renal cell carcinoma |
RFA |
radiofrequency ablation |
RP |
radical prostatectomy |
RPF |
retroperitoneal fibrosis; renal plasma flow |
RPLND |
retroperitoneal lymph node dissection |
RR |
respiratory rate |
RT |
radiation therapy |
RTA |
renal tubular acidosis |
RTOG |
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group |
SBRT |
stereotactic body radiotherapy |
SC |
subcutaneous |
SCC |
squamous cell carcinoma |
SCI |
spinal cord injury |
SHBT |
sex hormone–binding globulin |
SIRS |
systemic inflammatory response syndrome |
SLE |
systemic lupus erythematosus |
SNM |
sacral nerve modulation |
SNS |
sacral nerve stimulation |
STD |
sexually transmitted disease |
SUI |
stress urinary incontinence |
SV |
seminal vesicle |
SWOG |
Southwest Oncology Group |
TB |
tuberculosis |
TBW |
total body water |
TC |
testicular cancer |
TCC |
transitional cell carcinoma |
TENS |
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation |
TESA |
transcutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration |
TGF |
transforming growth factor |
TIA |
transient ischemic attack |
tid |
three times a day |
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SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS |
xxvii |
TMP-SMZ |
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
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TNF |
tumor necrosis factor (TNF-A) |
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TNM |
tumor–node–metastasis (staging system for cancer) |
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TRUS |
transrectal ultrasound |
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TSE |
testicular self-examination |
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TULIP |
transurethral ultrasound-guided laser induced prostatectomy |
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TUMT |
transurethral microwave thermotherapy |
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TUNA |
transurethral radiofrequency needle aspiration |
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TUR |
transurethral resection |
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TURBT |
transurethral resection of bladder tumor |
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TURP |
transurethral resection of the prostate |
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TUVP |
transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate |
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TWOC |
trial without catheter |
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UC |
urothelial carcinoma |
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UFH |
unfractionated heparin |
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UI |
urinary incontinence |
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UPJO |
ureteropelvic junction obstruction |
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US |
ultrasound |
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UTI |
urinary tract infection |
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UUI |
urge urinary incontinence |
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UUO |
unilateral obstruction of the ureter |
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VAD |
vincristine, Adriamycin, dexamethasone |
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VAPEC-B |
vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisolone, etoposide, |
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cyclophosphamide, bleomycin |
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VAC |
vacuum-assisted closure |
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VCUG |
videocystourethrography |
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VEGF |
vascular endothelial growth factor |
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VHL |
von Hippel–Lindau (syndrome) |
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VLAP |
visual laser ablation of the prostate |
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VLPP |
Valsalva leak point pressure |
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VTE |
venous thromboembolism |
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VUR |
vesicoureteric reflux |
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VVF |
vesicovaginal fistula |
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WAGR |
Wilms tumor (associated with) aniridia, genitourinary |
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abnormalities, mental retardation |
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WBC |
white blood cell |
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WHO |
World Health Organization |
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ZIFT |
zygote intrafallopian transfer |
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Chapter 1 |
1 |
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Significance and preliminary investigation of urological symptoms and signs
Hematuria I: definition and types 2
Hematuria II: causes and investigation 4
Hematospermia 8
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) 10
Nocturia and nocturnal polyuria 14
Flank pain 16
Urinary incontinence in adults 20
Genital symptoms 22
Abdominal examination in urological disease 24
Digital rectal examination (DRE) 28
Lumps in the groin 30
Lumps in the scrotum 32