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c.In pairs, think of other appropriate headings.

d.Explain the words in bold, then answer these questions, according to what the text says.

1 How can surveillance increase public safety?

2In what ways can ID technologies offer greater convenience?

3 What is the disadvantage of increased surveillance?

Follow-up

4Read the article again and list all the surveillance technologies mentioned, making notes on what each does. Then talk about the two technologies that you think are the most useful in your society. Justify your answers.

6

Read the list

of headings quickly. Read the text once and try

to understand the main point of each paragraph. Look at the headings again and underline the key words. Read the text again, paragraph by paragraph, and try to find words/phrases that match the headings. The information might be phrased in different words. Each time

you choose a heading, cross it out.

Did you know that somebody somewhere knows everything about you – what you buy at the supermarket, who you call on the phone, which videos you rent and even what you like on your pizza? Most of us are aware of the fact that every time we use a credit card, phone card, cash card or supermarket card, our personal information is being recorded somewhere. This is the price we pay for the convenience of using cards instead of cash. We have even accepted the fact that nothing we do on our computer is ever completely private.

1

You might think that you have never been on TV, but you are wrong. CCTV (closed circuit TV) cameras are everywhere! They are in shopping centres, at ATMs, outside buildings and even on our roads and motorways. They are operated by the police and private security companies, and they are there to discourage crimes such as muggings, shoplifting, and carjackings. They also watch the roads for people speeding, and more. In some buildings there are even cameras in smoke detectors, clocks and exit signs. They keep track of where you are and what you are doing all day, every day.

2

In the very near future you will no longer have to worry about forgetting your computer password, your cash card number or even your keys, because your body will be your ID. Finger scanning, which is similar to fingerprinting, is already being used by large companies to identify employees. Face recognition is another growing area of ID technology, as are voice and eye recognition. Something quite new on the market is footstep identification. Using special floor tiles, computers are able to identify people from the way they walk. This technology will let your employer or your teacher know exactly where you are and what you are doing while you are at work or at school.

3

Locating you when you are not at work or at school is also becoming easier. GPS (Global Positioning Systems) technology already exists, and in less than a minute it can

find out, via satellite, exactly where you are. Some car rental companies are already using this technology to keep track of their vehicles. Mobile phone companies are even planning to use this technology in all their phones. This means that when someone makes a call on their mobile phone, or even if they simply have their phone turned on, they can easily be located.

4

Identity cards are also getting ‘smarter’. Many countries already have a system which requires their citizens to carry identification cards. These cards usually include personal information such as name, address and birth date as well as a personal identification number. However, in the near future, these cards will also contain a microchip, which will be able to store a lot more information. Using this technology, one card will be able to replace your driving licence, student card, medical card, library card, credit card, birth certificate and most of the other pieces of ID that we have to carry around with us.

5

The benefits of all these new ID systems are obvious. Imagine walking into your office at work. The floor will know you have arrived and your computer will recognise your voice and automatically log you on. You will be able to walk up to your ATM, smile sweetly and say hello, and it will give you your money. Your family will know exactly where you are, and you will always know where your car is. Criminals are going to find it a lot more difficult to commit crimes, and the police will find it a lot easier to catch them.

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The question that we have to ask ourselves now is how the rights of the individual will be preserved. We must ask ourselves whether increased public safety and convenience will come at the cost of our privacy, and whether or not this is a price we are willing to pay. Is convenience worth the loss of privacy as all our personal data from bank records to health information and employment history is on file and more readily available every day? Are we really ready to live in a world where our every move is being watched?

5a. Are you a technophile or a technophobe? Choose A, B or C to complete each sentence in the way that best describes you.

sentences using the words.

Iuseamobilephoneonlyinanemergency.

Mostly A’s: You are definitely technophobic. There is nothing to be scared of. Try it – you might like it!

Mostly B’s: You are without doubt a technophile. Be careful you don’t forget how to use pen and paper!

hard software computer drive

........................... ...........................

ñwatch DVDs ñ listen to MP3s ñ buy something online

ñwatch satellite TV ñ cook with a microwave oven

ñwithdraw money from an ATM

IneverwatchDVDs,becausewehaven’tgotaDVDplayer.

6 a. Which of these have you got at home?

b.Match the appliances above to their uses listed below, then make up sentences, as in the example.

Afaxmachineisusedforsendingfaxes.

7a. Fill in: turnon, plugin, logoff, create, send, install.

1The battery in my laptop is running out.

b. Find the opposites of the verbs above.

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WritingProject

Collect information about various inventors (e.g. date of birth/death, nationality, etc) and their

inventions (e.g. year, reason/use, etc). Find or draw pictures and prepare a poster of famous inventors and their inventions.

Game

Divide into two teams. One team says a word related to technology. The other team makes up a sentence using the word. Each correct sentence gets a point. The team with the most points is the winner.

TeamAS1: ATM

TeamBS1: AnATMisusedtoallowustoget

moneyoutofthebank.

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Writing

Read the headline below, then write a news report.

Write: ñ where/when it happened

ñwhat happened in detail

ñwhat the criminal said

You can use words from Ex. 10.

11 Study the table, then rewrite the descriptions below, putting the adjectives in the correct order.

When two or more adjectives are used together to the same noun, they usually follow this order:

a a(n) oval/jewellery/blue/enamel box b a prehistoric/clay/cooking/brown pot c a striped/new/small/canvas bag

d a pair of triangular/ugly/plastic/orange earrings e a(n) antique/enormous/Chinese/beautiful vase

12 a. You will hear someone describing his stolen bag and what it contained. Listen and tick ( ) which of the objects below he describes.

B

F

D

E

b.Describe each of the objects shown above.

c.Take roles and act out a dialogue between a police officer (A) and a person (B) who is reporting the theft of their travel bag.

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The Passive

Grammar Reference

13 Read the sentences a-h and underline the passive forms, then answer questions 1-6.

aCustomers are requested to refrain from smoking

inside the store.

b The motorist was fined í80 for illegal parking.

c Breakfast is now being served in the Garden Room. d “Guernica” was painted by Picasso.

e The theft was committed with high-tech equipment.

fRentals should be returned to the main garage.

gThe telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

hThis is clearly a case of arson, because the fire was started with rags soaked in petrol.

1Where might you see/read the sentences above?

Are they formal or informal in style?

2How do we form the passive?

3Which sentence(s) contain(s) the agent? Why? How is the agent introduced?

4 Why is there no agent in the other sentences? 5 How do we form the passive of modal verbs?

6When do we use withto introduce the agent?

14 Use the prompts to make complete passive sentences, as in the example.

1A: my office / break into / last night

Myofficewasbrokenintolastnight.

B:Oh no! Did they take anything?

2A: you / invite / to Bill’s birthday party?

B:No, I wasn’t.

3A: Can I have my bill, please?

B:Of course, sir. Your bill / prepare / now.

4A: the new CCTV camera / install / yet?

B:No, not yet.

5A: Is their website information up to date?

B:Maybe ... but I visited the website last week, and / it / not / update / for months.

6A: Why is everyone lined up?

B:Our ID cards / check / the security guards.

15 Study the examples. How do the two passive sentences differ?

16 Use the patterns in Ex. 15 to make sentences, as in the example.

1People believe he has stolen í1m.

Itisbelievedthathehasstolení1m. Heisbelievedtohavestolení1m.

2 They say he is working on a new software package.

3We expect the company will set up a computer network this year.

4The police think he was involved in the theft.

5Everyone thinks she is the creator of the robot-pet.

17 Expand the newspaper headlines into full sentences using the passive, as in the example.

Laptopsarebeingtriedoutintheclassroombyschools.

18 Complete the text by putting the verbs into the correct tense/form of the active or passive voice.

Four high school computer hackers 0) were arrested (arrest) yesterday and face charges of theft and fraud. It 1) .......................

Internet scheme to steal computer equipment. The boys,

(break) into a local Internet server and 6) .............................

(steal) credit card numbers, which they used to go on a

giant online shopping trip. Altogether, they 7) .....................

(order) í20,000 worth of computer equipment before they

why they carried out such an elaborate scheme, they said they 12) ................................. (surprise) at how easy it was.

Relative Pronouns in Defining/Non-Defining

Relative Clauses

Grammar Reference

19 a. Use appropriate relative pronouns to match the main clauses to the relative clauses. When do we use who, which/that or whose?

b.Study the rule below. Can we leave out the relative pronoun in any of the sentences above? Which sentences, and why?

We can leave out the relative pronouns who, which and that if they are used as the object of a defining relative clause.

20 Make sentences with who/which about the people/things in the pictures, as in the example.

3 personaldictaphone

2 gavel

1 storagebox

6

21 Fill in who, whose or which. In which sentences could you leave out the relative pronoun? Why?

1 The man .................... she was talking to used to live here.

2He’s got a new job, ..................

is much better than his last one.

3That’s the man .....................

wife works with Steve.

4The police arrested the burglar

............ broke into their house.

5Sarah, ............. dog I’m looking after, is on holiday in Spain.

6We’re looking for a restaurant

going to take has just left.

9My video recorder, ..................

I bought last week, cost í200.

10I gave Joan, ................... car had broken down, a lift to the office.

... of whom / ... of which

Whom (for people) and which (for things) can be used with none of ... , allof...,mostof...,anyof...,manyof..., someof...,bothof...,eachof...,neither of...,eitherof...,oneof...etc.

He bought three jackets, all of which wereexactlythesamecolour.

He’s got two brothers, both of whom liveinEngland.

7 lawyer

8 judge

9 policeman

1 Astorageboxis something whichweuseto storedisks.

22 Join the sentences using whichor whom, as in the example.

1Mary has three sisters. One of them is married.

Maryhasthreesisters,oneofwhom ismarried.

2He has three cars. One of them

is a Jaguar.

3Louise invited fifty people to the

party. Most of them said that they would come.

4The police arrested six men. Two of them are suspected of organising the crime.

5Two prisoners escaped. They were both later recaptured by the police.