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he thing the Time Traveller Theld in his hand was a glittering metallic framework,

no larger than a small clock, and

5very delicately made. He took one of the small octagonal tables that were

scattered about the room, and set it in front of the fire. On this table he placed the mechanism. Then he drew

10up a chair and sat down. The only other object on the table was a small lamp. There were also perhaps a

dozen candles about, so that the

room was brilliantly illuminated. I sat

15in a low armchair nearest the fire, and I drew this forward so as to be almost between the Time Traveller

and the fireplace. Filby sat behind him, looking over his shoulder. The 20 Medical Man and the Provincial Mayor watched him in profile from the right, the Psychologist from the left. The Very Young Man stood behind the Psychologist. We were all

25on the alert. It appears incredible to me that any kind of trick could have been played upon us under these

35 above the apparatus, “is only a model. It is my plan for a machine to travel through time. You will notice that it looks quite uneven, and that there is an odd twinkling

40appearance about this bar, as though it was in some way unreal.” He pointed to the part with his finger. “Also, here is one little white lever, and here is another.”

put forth his finger towards the lever. 70 “No,” he said suddenly. “Lend me your hand.” And turning to the Psychologist, he took that individual’s hand in his own and told him to put

out his forefinger, so that it was the 75 Psychologist himself who sent forth

the model Time Machine on its voyage. We all saw the lever turn. I

am absolutely certain there was no

trickery. There was a breath of wind, 80 and the lamp flame jumped. One of

the candles on the mantel was blown out, and the little machine suddenly swung round, became indistinct, was seen as a ghost for a second perhaps; 85 and it was gone – vanished! Save

for the lamp, the table was bare.

An opinion essay presents our personal opinion on a particular topic. We need to state our opinion clearly and support it with examples

or reasons.

INTRODUCTION

ñIn the first paragraph we present the topic and state our opinion clearly.

MAIN BODY

ñIn the second and third paragraphs we present our viewpoints and give reasons/examples. We present each viewpoint, with reasons/examples, in a separate paragraph.

In the fourth paragraph we present the opposing viewpoint and give examples/reasons.

CONCLUSION

ñIn the last paragraph we restate our opinion using different words.

We usually use present tenses in this kind of writing and avoid using informal language such as contractions

(I’ve, she’s) and colloquialisms (What’s up?) etc. We can use phrases like Inmy opinion; I(strongly)believethat; Itseemsto me that to introduce our opinion. We can find opinion essays in newspapers and magazines as articles or letters to the editor, etc.

Analysing the Rubric

47 Read the rubric, underline the key words and answer the questions.

Your local newspaper is asking readers to write an article giving their opinion on the following statement:

Students should not be allowed to have mobile phones at school.

1 What type of writing is it?

2Who is going to read it?

3What style should you use?

Analysing a Model Text

48 a. Read the article and put the paragraphs into the correct order. What is each paragraph about?

Furthermore, parents who work may need to contact their children. For example, if a parent has to work late, the student has to be told if arrangements have been made for a relative or neighbour to look after them.

In conclusion, I feel that students should be allowed to take mobile phones to school for use in an emergency. However, all phones should certainly be turned off during lessons.

Nowadays more and more students bring their mobile phones to school. While I believe that students should carry mobile phones in case of an emergency, I am strongly opposed to these phones being used at school, particularly in the classroom.

On the other hand, nothing is more disruptive during a lesson than the sound of a mobile phone ringing or playing an annoying tune. Moreover, students who send and receive text messages in class are not paying attention to the lesson.

Firstly, many students travel to and from school without their parents. Therefore, it is important for them to have a mobile phone in case they need help or have an accident on the way to school or home.

Linkers

b.Identify the function of the linking words in bold, then replace them with synonyms from the list below.

49 Underline the correct linking words.

1There are several reasons why we should all install burglar alarms in our cars. To begin with/ Furthermore, car theft is a big problem in the city.

2Mobile phones are becoming smaller and more efficient. Although/In addition, many models allow you to access the Internet.

3It is up to parents to teach a child right from wrong. In conclusion/For

example, they must learn not to take things that don’t belong to them.

4To sum up, while I agree that shoplifting is a crime, it is not nearly as serious as other crimes such as/apart from murder or kidnapping.

Register

50 a. Which register is each paragraph written in (formal, semi-formal, informal etc)? Give reasons for your answer. Which paragraph is suitable for an opinion essay? Why?

AI strongly believe that we rely too much on technology today. This means that we are losing important skills such as personal communication. For instance, people who spend long hours in front of a computer no longer know how to talk to other people, and may even feel uncomfortable in the company of others.

BI think computer games are good stuff. They help us learn all about technology. This is important ’cause it’ll help us to get ready for our future jobs. You know, all jobs in the future will need computer skills.

b.Rewrite the incorrect paragraph in the correct register.

Paragraph Structure

51 a. Match the newspaper headlines 1-3 to the topic sentences a-f. There are two sentences for each headline. Say which topic sentence agrees with the headline, and which does not.

2

aMany people think that using a computer is an

enjoyable pastime.

b Soon all art will be created on computers.

cIf we replace human teachers with computers, we will develop the skills we will need to live and work

in the office of the future.

dComputers cannot teach creative subjects, such as art, music and poetry, as well as a human teacher can.

eComputers and computer labs are very expensive to set up and maintain.

fSitting in front of a computer screen all day can make students feel lonely and bored.

b.In pairs, think of supporting sentences for each of the topic sentences above.

52 Listen to the dialogue and fill in the gaps. Then, match each reason/example to one of the topic sentences above.

Discuss and Write

53 Read the rubric and underline the key words, then answer the questions.

You have been asked to write an article for a monthly news magazine giving your opinion on the topic ‘’Schools should provide computers for students to use for all their school subjects”.

6

1 What type of writing is it?

2Who is going to read it?

3 Should you use formal or informal language? Why?

4Can you think of an appropriate title?

5 Do you agree or disagree with the statement?

6What arguments can you use to support your opinion?

54 Look at the plan below, then use your answers to Exercises 51, 52 and 53 to answer the questions.

Introduction

(Para 1) What is the topic? What is your opinion?

Main Body

(Para 2) What is your first viewpoint? What are your reasons and examples?

(Para 3) What is your second viewpoint? What are your reasons and examples?

(Para 4) What is the opposing viewpoint? What are the reasons and examples?

Conclusion

(Final Para) What is your opinion again?

55 Write your article for the magazine. You can use the article in Ex. 48a as a model.

56 Explain the sentences below in your own words.

Modern science and techniques have taught mankind at least one lesson: Nothing is impossible.

It is only when they go wrong that machines remind you how powerful they are.

Clive James (Australian critic)

As machines get to be more and more like men, men will come to be more like machines.

Joseph Wood Krutch (US naturalist)

Vocabulary & Grammar

1Fill in the missing word.

12Recently, there has been an increase .................

the number of people using a credit card.

16You must have been aware ................................

the dangers.

17That style of jacket has gone out of ...................... .

(10 marks)

2Circle the correct item.

(10 marks)

Use of English

3Complete the second sentence using the word in bold. You must use two to five words including the word given. Don’t change the word given.

1 This puzzle will need a lot of patience.

have This puzzle ..........................................

............................. done very patiently.

2A fishmonger’s is a shop that sells fish.

where A fishmongers is a shop .......................

..................................................... fish.

3It is thought that the company is expanding rapidly. be The company .......................................

................................................ rapidly.

4Turn off the electricity in case of fire.

turned The electricity .......................................

...................................... in case of fire.

5It was wrong of them to give false information. given They ....................................................

.................................false information.

(5 marks)

4Fill in the correct word derived from the word in bold.

1 The ................... of new technology INTRODUCE has helped us a lot.

2The springs have been used for

4This place is one of the country’s

5Measures should be taken to help the

(5 marks)

5Read the sentences. If a sentence is correct put a tick ( ). If it has a word which should not be there, write this word on the line.

1 Computers they play an important role .......

2 in our lives today. Children are been taught .......

3 how to use them at school, as they have .......

4 become part of the school curriculum. In the .......

5 years to come everybody will be able to .......

use one.

(5 marks)

Listening

situations. For questions (1-6), choose the best answer A, B or C.

1You hear a conversation between two people in a

waiting room. How does the woman feel?

A suspicious B angry C nervous

2A man is talking on the phone. What does he want to do?

A to buy some oil

B to make an appointment

C to complain about migraines

3A man is taking part in a radio chat show. Why has he phoned in?

A to discuss a health problem

B to complain about vitamins that he bought C to talk about health food shops

4A girl approaches you at a shopping centre. What does she want you to do?

A to enrol in a course

B to talk about painting

C to participate in something

5While visiting an exhibition, you hear a man talking. How can yoga help you?

A It will help you to relax.

B It will help you to lose weight. C It will help you breathe.

6A man is talking on the phone. Where has he called?