Материал: Государственного университета

Original article

Food capitals of the Vologda province in 1871–1917

Sergey I. Chudov

ChamberofControlandAccountsoftheKomi Republic,Syktyvkar,RussianFederation,chudovx@gmail.com
Abstract. Ensuring food security remains one of the priorities of the domestic policy of the Russian Federation. In this context, it is particularly important to emphasize the need to study the history of the food security system, and its indi- vidual parts, including food capital. Food capital is the General monetary Fund for providing the population with food in case of crop failure and possible subsequent famine. The formation of food capital was at the expense of the population in the amounts prescribed by law, which fluctuated during the existence of the Institute. The purpose of the article is to investigate the degree of real provision of the population in case of the need to use food capital in case of crop failure, the assessment is made by determining the percentage of collecting the amount of food capital from the required by law norms. This rule varies depending on the time of the study. The sources of writing the work are archival materials of the Russian state historical archive, in particular, the reports of the governors of the Vologda province for the period from 1871 to 1914, since 1915, data on food capital and grain spare stores are not available in the reports of the governors. Some data were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The historiography of the study includes a wide range of works both written in the Russian Empire and works of contemporaries, however, works devoted specifically to the problem of food capital in the Vologda province in 1871 – 1917, there is no information about food capital is included in the context of economic and agricultural history and is included in the General concept of food security. The work is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, supported by comparative historical, typological, retrospective, statistical and systematic methods of historical science. Food capital was part of the food security system of the Russian Empire on a par with the system of granaries, which was created under Peter I. During the systematization and ana lysis of archival materials, it was found that the level of possible provision of the population with food capital in accordance with the legally established norms was 67.82 % for the period from 1871 to 1917. Judging by the average level of possible provision of the population with food in case of crop failure during the study period in the Vologda province, food capital was enough to meet the necessary needs of the population, given that the level of loans of food capital issued to the population did not exceed the indicator of food capital available. The article additionally examines the level of production of winter and spring bread in the Vologda province to determine the degree of self-provision of the popula- tion of the Vologda province with food to understand the level of need for food capital.

Keywords: food security, food capitals, Russian Empire, grain spare shops, Vologda province, provision of the popula- tion, XIX century, XX century
For citation: Chudov, S.I. (2023) Food capitals of the Vologda province in 1871–1917. VestnikTomskogogosudarstvennogouniversiteta.Istoriya–TomskStateUniversityJournalofHistory. 82. pp. 129–136. doi: 10.17223/19988613/82/15
© С.И. Чудов, 2023